MZ@ !L!This program cannot be run in DOS mode. $PEL`?!  @05 0.rdatae@@.rsrc @@.reloc 0 @Bclick2learn.com, inc. ToolBook Application`?XXXXMINSTB32.dll`? @`?Xp`?`? `? `? %%! ZZZTBKBOOKLOC ZZZTBKFLAGS4VS_VERSION_INFO  7?DVarFileInfo$Translation `StringFileInfo<040904E42AsymetrixPortions Copyright 1990-2003, Click2learn, Inc.DCompanyNameClick2learn, Inc.: FileDescriptionToolBook: FileVersion8.9.0.664 *InternalNameTB892LegalCopyrightPortions Copyright 1990-2003, Click2learn, Inc.3LegalTrademarksToolBook is a legal trademark of Click2learn, Inc.: OriginalFilenameTB89.EXE2 ProductNameToolBook4ProductVersion8.90.55Padding """"JBO`0@י--nA*BT + V@+@+( pf@R(fH=@@H@@x@TE@ENV@:89eObservation Sulfate Vs Bisulfatehz8wd>aa?U+mUMc)&; ; ;' #+\!!; #+\!8'f3observe1conclude1enterpage&␷"conclude1""observe1" 0/#N,m #EH^ tyt  z 9   @;l;zZ9 G sb 8 c( dH  ( JJcCH @!R l3 J  n j{   8,  d, n {{"J< | 4 [ `>   OOj > < 1h mx  k[,$ YJP =| KY lK lJ [=, "} kk # q XZ;F  XJ 2 XG   Xg{= XG  i X ; X ; X ig X i$ U - X Y 025a XrV   Xvd XV q  XqJ XrJ= XRvi X N X ^ 2 X     Xy 5 X 2  a X2   X   X  X  EE) X!,L ,21#"] X$j=   X% l X&= i  X'O X(yO9 X),le !X*1 "X+ 0 -, #X.l/X $X/ 2! 10M %X2hxy &X3kx 'X4hK (X5MK )X6xM) *X7jk] .X8% D@# "` u x " +  ,, 9!D@# * 2 ;: -, <% p  /X=#J Y 1@\ A6s#M 2 +onOc)&; ; ;' #+\!!; #+\!8'f3observe1conclude1buttonclick/buttonclick␷"conclude1""observe1" CB] 2D` E0#82+onOc)&; ; ; #+\!!; #+\!8'f3observe1conclude1buttonclick/buttonclick␷"observe1""conclude1"!GFa 3H%d0iJI 4KL;%2NM bO8W,GT"8 dS}  T" DtB p " DDT4B !! LM<  =1 ]Q j 1 jSDS=p !Q [ c< $  w <Dh   o  ow U+$E Hr  5 G b  X@XDlG  F!7!T"1 :8Gd%Ed3S qFLT3xFTFS5F 6PxcO   7QS 2SRA 8T+P  m 9Up :VP *  ;W*D <X+D =Y ptI >Za r^  ?[ b| # 2]\ @^ _ }  A_   B` _  A Ca  Sm Db } S Ec ] Fd; ' W Ge d g 2 gf9 Hh + e Ii  Jj; +  KkF ;  LlF   Mm ) E Nnd EE Oo U 2qp Pr F u  Qsu+ RtF = Su) Xi TvX Uw u7  Vx \F Wyw$2 {z5 X|(:u Y}x0}~ Z8  [F 2 \ s I ]t u ^ s T _T ` a tu9 c-<26 +E_ O  ! ; U o  O 1Ke O  'A[u !" S#b $%&7'Q(k)*+, 1--./=0 OS1 m234567 8#9M: Hc; }<=HI@+ Compare Sulfate & Hydrogen Sulfate Ions1J>^ $  XSKsulfatetitlemLM Hydrogen Sulfate Ion: HSO41--0l$  XS @conclude1A B Conclusions: *click for questions* 1. Attaching hydrogens by single bonds fills the electron holes on the oxygens, increases the charge on the polyatomic ion by one for each hydrogen attached. d oxygens have no effect on the overall charge!arge!!_ C2  !8h 0 Xy Dobserve1 E F Observation Questions: *click for conclusions* 1. What effect does attaching the hydrogen by a simple covalent bond have on the overall charge? Does attaching the oxygens by coordinate covalent bonds have an effect on the overall charge? G2 2 sulfatetitle! k @Sulfate Ion: SO42-O42--1- , SO32-, HSO31-, SO22- SO22- Hb  >l$  X * P '| ( ) * ,x - ., / 0X1 2 3$4lW NHb  q O P Q R O T U V7 WQ Xk Y Z [ \ O ] ^_-`Gaab{cdef Og h#i=jWkqlmnop Sqb r3sMtguvwxyz 1-{)|C}m~ 1- O +E_y?Ht@l   8 d @l 8d4`  !< "h # $ %$ &P '| ( ) * ,x - ., / 0X1 2 3$4l6789D:p;<=> ?L@ABCDDEpFGHI<JhKLMNOHPQRST@UlVWX Y8Z[\] ^L_x`abc 0Jd &@Zt6Pj,F`z"<VpBXr(Rh  n ~   DXr0 \ v      " < V p      2Lf(B\v8Rl.Hr0Jd~  & p  LMPEH!Observation Sulfate Vs BisulfateMҖe Sulfuric Acid Demohz8w j VV}B+(Ursei)&; ; ; #+\!8; #+\!!'f3showsulfatemovehydrogenenterpagel)&; ; ;S #+\!!;7 #+@i!m!#;< #+@i!) !#;5 #+\!!'f[hydrogen0010sulfatecorehydrogen1000movehydrogenleavepage"showsulfate"㐷"movehydrogen"P㐷"sulfatecore" n"hydrogen0010" 8553,4461n"hydrogen1000" 8553,3369㐷"h * / * / * / C  * / 2I LC <+n)&; ; W #+\!!'fjtruehydrogen1000hydrogen0010Mplayanimationmovehydrogenbuttonclickkbuttonclickplayanimation 1, , P"hydrogen1000"), P"hydrogen0010"␷"movehydrogen"Attach the two hydrogens  @0 ; 8 ! @ ! @>qt U Ax@,| @  ~! j   U A U A U A( E pZ B  bL  BY  Y 6 Z  6L:b% t U Ae t E h2m tZ B  t bL  t BY  t! Y 6I t"Z  6u t#:b  $%,@,@,@,,0ta-MS-``!$ a!P AM) x-@,i x.0l2q0/ x1a- x2MS x3-`! x4`!M x5a!y x6AM # 78?@@   @0 Px 2  2$ $( T 0- | @@m | APp 2u CB | D2 | E | F2$% | G$Q !| H} "| I0 - JKR   8 ">> |/ 2^ /{ 0A0 A\ >^5 % SEEu & T">>x 2} VU ' W|/ ( X2^ ) Y/{- * Z0AY + [A , \>^ 7 ]^e~! j~! j ~! j< xzj  !]  z =  _= 4j _ `|]  9 / f~! jy 0 g x|2ih 1 jzj   2 k!]   3 lz = 1 4 m _= ] 5 nj _  6 o|]   <pq"$ I IXR :r#$PA ;s"J#D0Iut} @v? ? w ?\ >Lww  ?Lx?\0 zy= D{[ [ @UX[  B |[  C }0~ Hj !s* 1 s*  D 1 A Fj  P G J!0 Oi!m %xI*7ExI  M!$s*7E !$*7dlrEa K!#s* d2i Lo$$G Ni!m % Vi!) %q1#"1#E T!k $;"H]` "+  R}"k $;* 2 S!" Ui!) %q5 ]i!$r  8MPpJ  ["* Q$r sas YP" Q$r 2  ZP"* C# = \i!$i q di!$6!tX L6! b@"_N$UUx xG `"_N$/2I a"/@#y c@i!$ h7  o 7  o 7  o A  f|7  o 2 ; g|>A 4<1+nq)&; ; ;9 #+\!8; #+\!!;' #+\!8'fBshowsulfatesulfatecoremovehydrogenbuttonclickGbuttonclick"sulfatecore"␷"showsulfate""movehydrogen"WShow Sulfate Core (free radical) iT$v@2I=InDHʀ%movehydrogen?Ostepthreei- Revised Step three: Attach the hydrogen atoms to the oxygen atoms that do not have eight electrons by a single covalent bond or transfer electrons from metal atoms to make the count eight. For sulfuric acid H2SO4 : Attach two hydrogens to the oxygens each by a simple covalent bond... then transfer one e1- to the other oxygen that does not have a count of eight.k < < <<<movehrydrogen hilite2   @#Attach two hydrogens to the oxygens! <(-;pe-1botleftF-. 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If you want to change the size or position of an individual button in the panel, select it by double-clicking on the button, and then resize or reposition the button.ASYM_WID_Name Navigation GroupINFO_AdvancedStepsText#- ( Position the button navigation group.=INFO_BasicStepsTexts- ( Position the button navigation group._subcatselXfirstA "!OO$#qp&%('5*)K,+V.-0/921p^43g65x87c:9?:Y_asym_hyperlinks ... ^nz buttonClick  FALSE jump /tbk_wid_nameC ButtonW!tbk_wid_props"W RASYMI_AltText ASYMI_AutoSize ASYMI_HTMLBorder ASYMI_OutputFormat ASYMI_UseJAVA#tbk_wid_values'$Q Lstring boolean list,0,1,2,3,4,5 list,GIF,GIF-Interlaced,JPEG,BMP boolean=%ASYMI_AutoSizeO& TRUEg'ASYMI_HTMLBorderu( 0)ASYMI_UseJAVA* TRUE+ASYMI_OutputFormat,GIF-ASYM_WID_Description.3.Navigation button with pre-defined hyperlinks.7/ASYM_WID_AutoResetM0 enterpagea1ASYMI_AltTexts2 Menu3ASYM_WID_Editor4 butnedit.spb5ASYMI_UseRollover6 TRUE7_swapped8 FALSE 9ASYM_WID_Name! :Navigation Button; ;flXK <previous =?>A@CBOOEDqpGFIH5KJKMLVONQP9SRp^UTgWVxYXc[Z?: >_asym_hyperlinks ? ... ^n} buttonClick  FALSE jump  @tbk_wid_name A Button Btbk_wid_propsO CW RASYMI_AltText ASYMI_AutoSize ASYMI_HTMLBorder ASYMI_OutputFormat ASYMI_UseJAVAe Dtbk_wid_values EQ Lstring boolean list,0,1,2,3,4,5 list,GIF,GIF-Interlaced,JPEG,BMP boolean FASYMI_AutoSize G TRUE HASYMI_HTMLBorder I 0! JASYMI_UseJAVA3 K TRUEM LASYMI_OutputFormat] MGIFy NASYM_WID_Description O3.Navigation button with pre-defined hyperlinks. PASYM_WID_AutoReset Q enterpage RASYMI_AltText S Previous% TASYM_WID_Editor? U butnedit.spbW VASYMI_UseRolloveri W TRUEy X_swapped Y FALSE ZASYM_WID_Name [Navigation Button \flX ]nextm^`_baOOdcqpfehg5jiKlknmVporq9tsp^vugxwxzyc|{W~}?:_tbk_wid_name` ASYM_Watbk_wid_props bW RASYMI_AltText ASYMI_AutoSize ASYMI_HTMLBorder ASYMI_OutputFormat ASYMI_UseJAVActbk_wid_valuesydQ Lstring boolean list,0,1,2,3,4,5 list,GIF,GIF-Interlaced,JPEG,BMP booleaneASYMI_AutoSizef TRUEgASYMI_HTMLBorderh 0iASYMI_UseJAVAj TRUEk_asym_hyperlinksl ... ^ny buttonClick  jump mASYMI_OutputFormatnGIF oASYM_WID_DescriptionEp3.Navigation button with pre-defined hyperlinks._qASYM_WID_AutoResetur enterpagesASYMI_AltTextt NextuASYM_WID_Editorv butnedit.spbwASYMI_UseRolloverx TRUEy_swappedz FALSE/{ASYMI_AutoBorderA| falseU}ASYM_WID_Names~Navigation ButtonflXlast#OOqp5KV9p^gxc?:7tbk_wid_nameK Button_tbk_wid_propsW RASYMI_AltText ASYMI_AutoSize ASYMI_HTMLBorder ASYMI_OutputFormat ASYMI_UseJAVAtbk_wid_values/Q Lstring boolean list,0,1,2,3,4,5 list,GIF,GIF-Interlaced,JPEG,BMP booleanEASYMI_AutoSizeW TRUEoASYMI_HTMLBorder} 0ASYMI_UseJAVA TRUE_asym_hyperlinksy ... ^ny buttonClick  jump ASYMI_OutputFormatGIFASYM_WID_Description3.Navigation button with pre-defined hyperlinks.ASYM_WID_AutoReset+ enterpage?ASYMI_AltTextQ LastgASYM_WID_Editor butnedit.spbASYMI_UseRollover TRUE_swapped FALSEASYM_WID_NameNavigation ButtonflX!8@l|&B 6(BxF^ 4H\,BTlz"<Rfx & @ P       T j      & 8 R b ~      * D \ n ~      r$~ Jdz 4FZx(<Pd4J\t~0DVl&e Observation H2SO4 vs H2SO3hz8w kbbU+mUMc)&; ; ;' #+\!!; #+\!8'f3observe1conclude1enterpage&␷"conclude1""observe1"  I 1#"d1# X E `[" "8+ -  & `[* 025 a E   XI  ! axI*7ExI uO *7E),*7dtrEi uO * l2q '    ! a !") 5 xI*7ExIM *b# } *7EPeh*7drE +b#  * 2-, .^ }   / 5 = C0,t%K*/8%N@Z*F J \xG  gjG w w; x;8Xgdi"U Y  aV   vS0 V ` \ ` J aJ A!v!  tN  ^ T  x h  2 x 2     0  v\  Jf Y=  lx, = X X vO hO l [/G P Wx| kg WK <Kx<,YkX"D/% !8%J   1W fCQ  2-G  T2Y43  5D    6=d    7JD     8J 8 5  9 8 a  :d    ;f O"R  <V ! 2>= ?S  - ! @&s  Y " A3 S  # B3 G  $ C  G  % D}!s !  & E KI ' F, [L 2Q HG} ( IK ) J  * KK/ + L/8- , M8Y - NI . O  EE / P   2 RQ 0 S:  ) 1 TKi  U 2 U+:   3 VI L  4 W L  5 XWi   6 Y, E 7 Z H 2M \[y 8 ]u 9 ^:h : _H ; `xH) < auxU = bh A cP"A k% "D/% "D/% "p}" ?Xd1#A k% * 2fe @XgP"m " E B h" t%G  Dij6s#MD2A+onOc)&; ; ;' #+\!!; #+\!8'f3observe1conclude1buttonclick/buttonclick␷"conclude1""observe1"Ilk Emn{mL#H2E+onOc)&; ; ; #+\!!; #+\!8'f3observe1conclude1buttonclick/buttonclick␷"observe1""conclude1"Mpo FqK%0sr Gtul*#'2wv ixR\x x8^ UXxcO S +P  p$P * P*D|+D pta r^  b| # H _ } t   _    S } S$ ]Pd  U  F u u+ F L) XxX u7 8 F D s pt  s TT  tu Iy} si Jz:m ).2|{ K}j*! L~J  M MWjy NW ^  O *^  P   Q \x= R# | =@2Eq S y  T3   U@ y  V@  m ! W   m M X  } Y+ EE ZH6 d o2 [`  \X  I ]8 ` u ^V r  _  r  `d  aR 9 b <2Am c   dG   e  n  f n  g  I h  jj9I':,4,%,%hydrogen1000OKcASYMI_UseJavaq|ASYMI_ExportAsBitmap TRUEanim_animationSettings-1,...z 0,0,-1938,711,-2733,441 ,, constant| FALSE 3858,2889K 0,0,930,840,-36,13,894,853,-73,27,857,867,-109,40,821,880,-145,53,785,893,-182,67,748,907,-218,80,712,920,-254,93,676,933,-291,107,639,947,-327,120,603,960,-363,133,567,973,-400,147,530,987,-436,160,494,1000,-473,173,457,1013,-509,187,421,1027,-545,200,385,1040,-582,213,348,1053,-618,227,312,1067,-654,240,276,1080,-691,253,239,1093,-727,267,203,1107,-763,280,167,1120,-800,293,130,1133,-836,307,94,1147,-872,320,58,1160,-909,333,21,1173,-945,347,-15,1187,-981,360,-51,1200,-1018,373,-88,1213,-1054,387,-124,1227,-1090,400,-160,1240,-1127,413,-197,1253,-1163,427,-233,1267,-1200,440,-270,1280,-1236,453,-306,1293,-1272,467,-342,1307,-1309,480,-379,1320,-1345,493,-415,1333,-1381,507,-451,1347,-1418,520,-488,1360,-1454,533,-524,1373,-1490,547,-560,1387,-1527,560,-597,1400,-1563,573,-633,1413,-1599,587,-669,1427,-1636,600,-706,1440,-1672,613,-742,1453,-1708,627,-778,1467,-1745,640,-815,1480,-1781,653,-851,1493,-1817,667,-887,1507,-1854,680,-924,1520,-1890,693,-960,1533,-1927,707,-997,1547,-1963,702,-1033,1542,-2000,690,-1070,1530,-2036,678,-1106,1518,-2073,665,-1143,1505,-2110,653,-1180,1493,-2146,640,-1216,1480,-2183,628,-1253,1468,-2220,615,-1290,1455,-2256,603,-1326,1443,-2293,590,-1363,1430,-2330,578,-1400,1418,-2366,566,-1436,1406,-2403,553,-1473,1393,-2440,541,-1510,1381,-2476,528,-1546,1368,-2513,516,-1583,1356,-2550,503,-1620,1343,-2586,491,-1656,1331,-2623,478,-1693,1318,-2660,466,-1730,1306,-2696,453,-1766,1293,-2733,441,-1803,1281 FALSE 930,840 930,840    H  1KR Xg!hydrogen0010w$|Xhydrogen0010KASYMI_UseJava|ASYMI_ExportAsBitmap  TRUE# anim_animationSettings_3-19...z % ,0,0,-2148,-6,-4743,1854,-7938,324,-6723,-636 ,,,, constant| FALSE33,2841K 0,0,930,840,-139,0,791,840,-278,-1,652,839,-417,-1,513,839,-556,-2,374,838,-695,-2,235,838,-835,-2,95,838,-974,-3,-44,837,-1113,-3,-183,837,-1252,-3,-322,837,-1391,-4,-461,836,-1530,-4,-600,836,-1669,-5,-739,835,-1808,-5,-878,835,-1947,-5,-1017,835,-2086,-6,-1156,834,-2211,39,-1281,879,-2324,120,-1394,960,-2437,201,-1507,1041,-2550,282,-1620,1122,-2663,363,-1733,1203,-2776,444,-1846,1284,-2889,525,-1959,1365,-3002,606,-2072,1446,-3115,687,-2185,1527,-3228,768,-2298,1608,-3341,849,-2411,1689,-3454,930,-2524,1770,-3568,1011,-2638,1851,-3681,1092,-2751,1932,-3794,1174,-2864,2014,-3907,1255,-2977,2095,-4020,1336,-3090,2176,-4133,1417,-3203,2257,-4246,1498,-3316,2338,-4359,1579,-3429,2419,-4472,1660,-3542,2500,-4585,1741,-3655,2581,-4698,1822,-3768,2662,-4819,1818,-3889,2658,-4944,1758,-4014,2598,-5069,1698,-4139,2538,-5195,1638,-4265,2478,-5320,1578,-4390,2418,-5446,1517,-4516,2357,-5571,1457,-4641,2297,-5697,1397,-4767,2237,-5822,1337,-4892,2177,-5948,1277,-5018,2117,-6073,1217,-5143,2057,-6198,1157,-5268,1997,-6324,1097,-5394,1937,-6449,1037,-5519,1877,-6575,977,-5645,1817,-6700,917,-5770,1757,-6826,857,-5896,1697,-6951,797,-6021,1637,-7077,737,-6147,1577,-7202,676,-6272,1516,-7327,616,-6397,1456,-7453,556,-6523,1396,-7578,496,-6648,1336,-7704,436,-6774,1276,-7829,376,-6899,1216,-7923,313,-6993,1153,-7814,226,-6884,1066,-7705,140,-6775,980,-7596,54,-6666,894,-7487,-32,-6557,808,-7378,-119,-6448,721,-7269,-205,-6339,635,-7160,-291,-6230,549,-7050,-377,-6120,463,-6941,-464,-6011,376,-6832,-550,-5902,290,-6723,-636,-5793,204 FALSE 930,840 930,840y H ! *JXE0_1l! X"$#K&%('#ASYMI_UseJava%ASYMI_ExportAsBitmap& TRUE'anim_animationSettings5(5532...z ' ,0,0,-2148,-6,-4743,1854,-7938,324,-6723,-636 ,,,, constant| FALSE 4878,2541K 0,0,930,840,-139,0,791,840,-278,-1,652,839,-417,-1,513,839,-556,-2,374,838,-695,-2,235,838,-835,-2,95,838,-974,-3,-44,837,-1113,-3,-183,837,-1252,-3,-322,837,-1391,-4,-461,836,-1530,-4,-600,836,-1669,-5,-739,835,-1808,-5,-878,835,-1947,-5,-1017,835,-2086,-6,-1156,834,-2211,39,-1281,879,-2324,120,-1394,960,-2437,201,-1507,1041,-2550,282,-1620,1122,-2663,363,-1733,1203,-2776,444,-1846,1284,-2889,525,-1959,1365,-3002,606,-2072,1446,-3115,687,-2185,1527,-3228,768,-2298,1608,-3341,849,-2411,1689,-3454,930,-2524,1770,-3568,1011,-2638,1851,-3681,1092,-2751,1932,-3794,1174,-2864,2014,-3907,1255,-2977,2095,-4020,1336,-3090,2176,-4133,1417,-3203,2257,-4246,1498,-3316,2338,-4359,1579,-3429,2419,-4472,1660,-3542,2500,-4585,1741,-3655,2581,-4698,1822,-3768,2662,-4819,1818,-3889,2658,-4944,1758,-4014,2598,-5069,1698,-4139,2538,-5195,1638,-4265,2478,-5320,1578,-4390,2418,-5446,1517,-4516,2357,-557