MZ@ !L!This program cannot be run in DOS mode. $PEL`?!  @05 0.rdatae@@.rsrc @@.reloc 0 @Bclick2learn.com, inc. ToolBook Application`?XXXXMINSTB32.dll`? @`?Xp`?`? `? `? %%! ZZZTBKBOOKLOC ZZZTBKFLAGS4VS_VERSION_INFO  7?DVarFileInfo$Translation `StringFileInfo<040904E42AsymetrixPortions Copyright 1990-2003, Click2learn, Inc.DCompanyNameClick2learn, Inc.: FileDescriptionToolBook: FileVersion8.9.0.664 *InternalNameTB892LegalCopyrightPortions Copyright 1990-2003, Click2learn, Inc.3LegalTrademarksToolBook is a legal trademark of Click2learn, Inc.: OriginalFilenameTB89.EXE2 ProductNameToolBook4ProductVersion8.90.55Padding """"JBO`0@--nfT 'V@'@':|>@RrJz\@4\F@VFDEH=@Dihydrogen Phosphate IonEze Phosphoric Acid Moleculehz8w _4PP5e+KUrsei)&; ; ; #+\!8; #+\!!'f3showsulfatemovehydrogenenterpagel)&; ; ; #+\!!;K #+@i!!#;D #+@i!m!#;= #+@i!) !#;6 #+\!!'fohydrogen0100hydrogen0010hydrogen1000movehydrogenphosphatecoreleavepage"showsulfate"㐷"movehydrogen"P㐷"phosphatecore" n"hydrogen0100" 8553,2232n"hydrogen0010" 8553,4461n"hydrogen1000" 8553,3369㐷"ʇ (A ' J}U AJZFJ< G.LxG;.;!( T m  * _ Jl* LlLm L xMJ V9DHYpU9[UV[6Y { h Q j  a] Qk  k 6   6j D S ] p .H   _J@ []l O[ /J    X]2I 7Lu  Z  M7  YM  YL%  ?Q A u m y\:2  v] }   vI ju  ]j = *   VEI2A Fm f s sy  Fy !&] "S0  ` 2e $# % A  &   ' A  (T  A )T  m * C  !+P EE ",m=v 2 .- #/I{= $0}i %1{y &2?y '3M -67u  u    u  b C ^{W * 89u  Z 2_ ;: + < =C 63+n)&; ; z?{@0A@ 1BC"$ I IXR /D#$P[ 0E"J#^0cGF 5H? ? w ?\ 3fIw  4fJ?\0#LKW 9M[ [ Zor[  7&N[  8&O0QP =RSj !s* 1 /2s*  ^ 1 [ ;Tj  P <U J!0WV DXY`i!m %xI*7ExI# Ba!$s*7E&;>*7drE{ @b!#s* ~2dc Aeo$$G Cfi!m % Kghoi!) %q1#+."1#_ Ip!k $;"bwz "+  G.q}"k $;* 2sr H.t!" Jui!) %qO Rvw~i!$r  RgjpJ*  P"* Q$r sas Nj" Q$r 2' Oj"* C# W Qi!$i  Yi!$6!X f6! WZ"_N$UUx:xG/ U"_N$/227c V"/@# XZi!$ ]7  o 7  o 7  o *]Q  [7  o "2'U \X]Q RO+ns)&; ; ;F #+\!8; #+\!!; #+\!8'fBshowsulfatemovehydrogenphosphatecorebuttonclickIbuttonclick"phosphatecore"␷"showsulfate""movehydrogen"wShow Phosphate Core (free radical) ^T$v@2+_?+,'+%phosphatecore?Ys O   5 O i  O +E_y O !;Uo !"# O$ %&1'K(e)*+,- P.b /'0A1[2u3|Be-1botleftCDEF 1-G<(t  CH]IsL<6movehydrogen78stepthree9U:2 Revised Step three: Attach the hydrogen atoms to the oxygen atoms that do not have eight electrons by a single covalent bond or transfer electrons from metal atoms to make the count eight. For phosphoric acid H3PO4 : Attach two hydrogens to the oxygens each by a simple covalent bond.en transfer one e1- to the other oxygen that does not have a count of eight.;   <movehrydrogen=>hilite2 ?c @@%Attach three hydrogens to the oxygensy A M N O P 1- Q<  &f ) Re-1botrightC S] Tw U W<  1 J K 1- Xhydrogen0010 Y[ZK]\_^/ ZASYMI_UseJava= [|Y \ASYMI_ExportAsBitmapk ] TRUE ^anim_animationSettings ` a b c H d   J &K V 1-\  &f q ghydrogen1000 hjiKlknm iASYMI_UseJava j| kASYMI_ExportAsBitmap l TRUE manim_animationSettings# o= pW q r H s  t_]...z -0,0,-2148,-6,-4368,1509,-6963,-846,-6303,-846 ,,,, constant| FALSE 8553,4461K 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FALSE 930,840 930,840efJ &f -vhydrogen0100WwyxK{z}|kxASYMI_UseJavayy|zASYMI_ExportAsBitmap{ TRUE|anim_animationSettings~= HS m'n...z\bhrx 0,0,-1653,291,-2343,276 ,, constant| FALSE 8553,3369K }0,0,930,840,-31,5,899,845,-62,11,868,851,-93,16,837,856,-124,22,806,862,-156,27,774,867,-187,33,743,873,-218,38,712,878,-249,44,681,884,-280,49,650,889,-311,55,619,895,-342,60,588,900,-373,66,557,906,-404,71,526,911,-435,77,495,917,-467,82,463,922,-498,88,432,928,-529,93,401,933,-560,99,370,939,-591,104,339,944,-622,110,308,950,-653,115,277,955,-684,120,246,960,-715,126,215,966,-746,131,184,971,-778,137,152,977,-809,142,121,982,-840,148,90,988,-871,153,59,993,-902,159,28,999,-933,164,-3,1004,-964,170,-34,1010,-995,175,-65,1015,-1026,181,-96,1021,-1057,186,-127,1026,-1089,192,-159,1032,-1120,197,-190,1037,-1151,203,-221,1043,-1182,208,-252,1048,-1213,214,-283,1054,-1244,219,-314,1059,-1275,224,-345,1064,-1306,230,-376,1070,-1337,235,-407,1075,-1369,241,-439,1081,-1400,246,-470,1086,-1431,252,-501,1092,-1462,257,-532,1097,-1493,263,-563,1103,-1524,268,-594,1108,-1555,274,-625,1114,-1586,279,-656,1119,-1617,285,-687,1125,-1648,290,-718,1130,-1680,290,-750,1130,-1712,290,-782,1130,-1743,289,-813,1129,-1775,288,-845,1128,-1806,288,-876,1128,-1838,287,-908,1127,-1869,286,-939,1126,-1901,286,-971,1126,-1933,285,-1003,1125,-1964,284,-1034,1124,-1996,284,-1066,1124,-2027,283,-1097,1123,-2059,282,-1129,1122,-2090,281,-1160,1121,-2122,281,-1192,1121,-2154,280,-1224,1120,-2185,279,-1255,1119,-2217,279,-1287,1119,-2248,278,-1318,1118,-2280,277,-1350,1117,-2311,277,-1381,1117,-2343,276,-1413,1116 FALSE 930,840 930,840AuWshowsulfatecorekhydrogen0001KASYMI_UseJava|ASYMI_ExportAsBitmap TRUE3] Hs +Z&f stepone7&}E...z%+7 $0,0,-1623,2106,-4248,3711,-4293,3276 ,,, constant| FALSE 8553,2232K "0,0,840,954,-50,65,790,1019,-100,130,740,1084,-151,196,689,1150,-201,261,639,1215,-251,326,589,1280,-301,391,539,1345,-352,456,488,1410,-402,522,438,1476,-452,587,388,1541,-502,652,338,1606,-553,717,287,1671,-603,782,237,1736,-653,848,187,1802,-703,913,137,1867,-754,978,86,1932,-804,1043,36,1997,-854,1108,-14,2062,-904,1173,-64,2127,-955,1239,-115,2193,-1005,1304,-165,2258,-1055,1369,-215,2323,-1105,1434,-265,2388,-1156,1499,-316,2453,-1206,1565,-366,2519,-1256,1630,-416,2584,-1306,1695,-466,2649,-1357,1760,-517,2714,-1407,1825,-567,2779,-1457,1891,-617,2845,-1507,1956,-667,2910,-1557,2021,-717,2975,-1608,2086,-768,3040,-1672,2136,-832,3090,-1742,2179,-902,3133,-1812,2222,-972,3176,-1883,2265,-1043,3219,-1953,2308,-1113,3262,-2023,2351,-1183,3305,-2093,2393,-1253,3347,-2163,2436,-1323,3390,-2234,2479,-1394,3433,-2304,2522,-1464,3476,-2374,2565,-1534,3519,-2444,2608,-1604,3562,-2514,2651,-1674,3605,-2585,2694,-1745,3648,-2655,2737,-1815,3691,-2725,2780,-1885,3734,-2795,2823,-1955,3777,-2866,2866,-2026,3820,-2936,2909,-2096,3863,-3006,2952,-2166,3906,-3076,2995,-2236,3949,-3146,3038,-2306,3992,-3217,3080,-2377,4034,-3287,3123,-2447,4077,-3357,3166,-2517,4120,-3427,3209,-2587,4163,-3498,3252,-2658,4206,-3568,3295,-2728,4249,-3638,3338,-2798,4292,-3708,3381,-2868,4335,-3778,3424,-2938,4378,-3849,3467,-3009,4421,-3919,3510,-3079,4464,-3989,3553,-3149,4507,-4059,3596,-3219,4550,-4130,3639,-3290,4593,-4200,3682,-3360,4636,-4251,3685,-3411,4639,-4259,3603,-3419,4557,-4268,3522,-3428,4476,-4276,3440,-3436,4394,-4285,3358,-3445,4312,-4293,3276,-3453,4230 FALSE 840,954 840,954K&sulfatetitlee&&@%The Phosphoric Acid Molecule: H3PO4HSO31-, SO22- SO22-&!,"$,'4zZ&f -'(++b ,^- /01345f7r89&;2<^=@>ABCDGzHI.JKNOPjQ*RUV:WXfYZ(showsulfate1(;) Repeat Steps one and two: Place the non-oxygen, non-hydrogen atom (phosphorus) in the center. Attach the four oxygens to the phosphorus in the center by covalent bonds. For Phosphoric acid H3PO4, click to show PO4 core: in the center..) !   )+5 Lx  ( T   LxDp h     D !p " # $ %@ &l ' (* +b ,^- /01345f7r89&;2<^=@>ABCDGzHI.JKNOPjQ*RUV:WXfYZ[\*]^z,'*D^x :Tn0Jd~ &@Zt6Pj,F`&)xZ  h  .H  b~      . H b & |    4 B ^ p       b v       ( B \   ,2\p~BXr\p8bx ((6(@)F)<&P&j&&'DEH=@Phosphoric Acid MoleculeE”e Compare Phosphorus OxyAcidsh(8:+mUMc)&; ; ;' #+\!!; #+\!8'f3observe1conclude1enterpage&␷"conclude1""observe1"%jj7 w=} v2 uw%2  te!0U sX!"82+onOc)&; ; ; #+\!!; #+\!8'f3observe1conclude1buttonclick/buttonclick␷"observe1""conclude1"Y r\6#2+onOc)&; ; ;' #+\!!; #+\!8'f3observe1conclude1buttonclick/buttonclick␷"conclude1""observe1"Q q6 6 TcO 6  ( P  .  ZP  D  D   v (6q~vh6 u 8u.v8ZV6a  |  } %& B ER  %~ G   G}  ]E  42 t z  h6 Gf  XG* 8 6 R cO 6  S  ( 2+ T P  W U    V P  W  D  X  D  Y   v3 Z (s [ qv2{ \ v ] h6 ^  u+ _  8uW ` v8 a V6 b a  c  | 2# d  } %O e  B E{ f   % g  G  h  G}  i  ]E/ j  4EEo k t r 2w l  m h6 n Gf ' o XGS p  8 6 PJGW$ )GW$ % ( o!E$ -!f$ WDW  p^   = !   =s <_ s h_  !  GF2 s6b43 c `S3  'c'SC<0U!A h\EK  B L lbyB  4y6`L6 b,!YsG,fXGFZFZsfIV% 8s3  o S6E60SSY 'V Ko!E$ o!E$ \ q t P"E$ o!q! %( LP"E$ * 2 NM &( Oo!q! (V P-!f$ A )V QWm *V RW   +V S^  2UT ,V V =   -V W!  9 .V X =s e /V Y_ s  0V Z_   1V [!   2V \GF2 ) 3V ]s6b,21_^] 4V `3 c  5V aS 6V b3   7V c'  8V dc'9 9V eSCe :V f0U!A  ;V g\EK  2ih <V jB L  =V klb1 >V lyB  ] ?V my6 @V nL6 AV o b,! BV pY2rq) CV ssGU DV tf EV uGF FV vZF GV wZs HV xfI5 IV yV% EEu JV zs3 x2}|{ KV } o  LV ~S MV 6- NV E6Y OV SS "=>Ciu* xI*7EhxI \D&J*7E*7d<rE1 E&* 429GFe H[J !\Iiu*  016kxI*7ExI 7+c*7E-0*7dxrEm 8+ c* p2u:9 ;n< <k !")-1# "1#Q *"Til "+   +* 2-,  . 'r  /-A w 11 DY\pJ   1sas \a12 \Z RI  w 1(}  t  pJX  L "T \ s,as!  " \ $2) U T N  Lt 0/O0./ /%hydrogen0100OKcASYMI_UseJavaq|ASYMI_ExportAsBitmap TRUEanim_animationSettings E-20...z%+7 $0,0,-1623,2106,-4248,3711,-4293,3276 ,,, constant| FALSE 1908,3042K "0,0,840,954,-50,65,790,1019,-100,130,740,1084,-151,196,689,1150,-201,261,639,1215,-251,326,589,1280,-301,391,539,1345,-352,456,488,1410,-402,522,438,1476,-452,587,388,1541,-502,652,338,1606,-553,717,287,1671,-603,782,237,1736,-653,848,187,1802,-703,913,137,1867,-754,978,86,1932,-804,1043,36,1997,-854,1108,-14,2062,-904,1173,-64,2127,-955,1239,-115,2193,-1005,1304,-165,2258,-1055,1369,-215,2323,-1105,1434,-265,2388,-1156,1499,-316,2453,-1206,1565,-366,2519,-1256,1630,-416,2584,-1306,1695,-466,2649,-1357,1760,-517,2714,-1407,1825,-567,2779,-1457,1891,-617,2845,-1507,1956,-667,2910,-1557,2021,-717,2975,-1608,2086,-768,3040,-1672,2136,-832,3090,-1742,2179,-902,3133,-1812,2222,-972,3176,-1883,2265,-1043,3219,-1953,2308,-1113,3262,-2023,2351,-1183,3305,-2093,2393,-1253,3347,-2163,2436,-1323,3390,-2234,2479,-1394,3433,-2304,2522,-1464,3476,-2374,2565,-1534,3519,-2444,2608,-1604,3562,-2514,2651,-1674,3605,-2585,2694,-1745,3648,-2655,2737,-1815,3691,-2725,2780,-1885,3734,-2795,2823,-1955,3777,-2866,2866,-2026,3820,-2936,2909,-2096,3863,-3006,2952,-2166,3906,-3076,2995,-2236,3949,-3146,3038,-2306,3992,-3217,3080,-2377,4034,-3287,3123,-2447,4077,-3357,3166,-2517,4120,-3427,3209,-2587,4163,-3498,3252,-2658,4206,-3568,3295,-2728,4249,-3638,3338,-2798,4292,-3708,3381,-2868,4335,-3778,3424,-2938,4378,-3849,3467,-3009,4421,-3919,3510,-3079,4464,-3989,3553,-3149,4507,-4059,3596,-3219,4550,-4130,3639,-3290,4593,-4200,3682,-3360,4636,-4251,3685,-3411,4639,-4259,3603,-3419,4557,-4268,3522,-3428,4476,-4276,3440,-3436,4394,-4285,3358,-3445,4312,-4293,3276,-3453,4230 FALSE 840,954 840,954% ? Y  H  @ V \Lm ,XL   \  l 0x< !h"\%t & '( ( )*D+p,-./<0h123445`6789:<;h<=>?4@`ABCD,EXFGHIJ8KLMNO0PV RSTU.VZWXYZ [6\~]^_`.aZbcde& fR g~ h i j k2 lz m n o p* q rstuv@ hydrogen0100 K ASYMI_UseJava | ASYMI_ExportAsBitmap  TRUE anim_animationSettingsgE-20...z%+7 $0,0,-1623,2106,-4248,3711,-4293,3276 ,,, constant| FALSE 6633,3447K "0,0,840,954,-50,65,790,1019,-100,130,740,1084,-151,196,689,1150,-201,261,639,1215,-251,326,589,1280,-301,391,539,1345,-352,456,488,1410,-402,522,438,1476,-452,587,388,1541,-502,652,338,1606,-553,717,287,1671,-603,782,237,1736,-653,848,187,1802,-703,913,137,1867,-754,978,86,1932,-804,1043,36,1997,-854,1108,-14,2062,-904,1173,-64,2127,-955,1239,-115,2193,-1005,1304,-165,2258,-1055,1369,-215,2323,-1105,1434,-265,2388,-1156,1499,-316,2453,-1206,1565,-366,2519,-1256,1630,-416,2584,-1306,1695,-466,2649,-1357,1760,-517,2714,-1407,1825,-567,2779,-1457,1891,-617,2845,-1507,1956,-667,2910,-1557,2021,-717,2975,-1608,2086,-768,3040,-1672,2136,-832,3090,-1742,2179,-902,3133,-1812,2222,-972,3176,-1883,2265,-1043,3219,-1953,2308,-1113,3262,-2023,2351,-1183,3305,-2093,2393,-1253,3347,-2163,2436,-1323,3390,-2234,2479,-1394,3433,-2304,2522,-1464,3476,-2374,2565,-1534,3519,-2444,2608,-1604,3562,-2514,2651,-1674,3605,-2585,2694,-1745,3648,-2655,2737,-1815,3691,-2725,2780,-1885,3734,-2795,2823,-1955,3777,-2866,2866,-2026,3820,-2936,2909,-2096,3863,-3006,2952,-2166,3906,-3076,2995,-2236,3949,-3146,3038,-2306,3992,-3217,3080,-2377,4034,-3287,3123,-2447,4077,-3357,3166,-2517,4120,-3427,3209,-2587,4163,-3498,3252,-2658,4206,-3568,3295,-2728,4249,-3638,3338,-2798,4292,-3708,3381,-2868,4335,-3778,3424,-2938,4378,-3849,3467,-3009,4421,-3919,3510,-3079,4464,-3989,3553,-3149,4507,-4059,3596,-3219,4550,-4130,3639,-3290,4593,-4200,3682,-3360,4636,-4251,3685,-3411,4639,-4259,3603,-3419,4557,-4268,3522,-3428,4476,-4276,3440,-3436,4394,-4285,3358,-3445,4312,-4293,3276,-3453,4230 FALSE 840,954 840,954 H ) =!hydrogen1000g"$#K&%('{#ASYMI_UseJava$|X%ASYMI_ExportAsBitmap& TRUE'anim_animationSettingsq(11,...z\bhrx 0,0,-1653,291,-2343,276 ,, constant| FALSE 3723,1179K }0,0,930,840,-31,5,899,845,-62,11,868,851,-93,16,837,856,-124,22,806,862,-156,27,774,867,-187,33,743,873,-218,38,712,878,-249,44,681,884,-280,49,650,889,-311,55,619,895,-342,60,588,900,-373,66,557,906,-404,71,526,911,-435,77,495,917,-467,82,463,922,-498,88,432,928,-529,93,401,933,-560,99,370,939,-591,104,339,944,-622,110,308,950,-653,115,277,955,-684,120,246,960,-715,126,215,966,-746,131,184,971,-778,137,152,977,-809,142,121,982,-840,148,90,988,-871,153,59,993,-902,159,28,999,-933,164,-3,1004,-964,170,-34,1010,-995,175,-65,1015,-1026,181,-96,1021,-1057,186,-127,1026,-1089,192,-159,1032,-1120,197,-190,1037,-1151,203,-221,1043,-1182,208,-252,1048,-1213,214,-283,1054,-1244,219,-314,1059,-1275,224,-345,1064,-1306,230,-376,1070,-1337,235,-407,1075,-1369,241,-439,1081,-1400,246,-470,1086,-1431,252,-501,1092,-1462,257,-532,1097,-1493,263,-563,1103,-1524,268,-594,1108,-1555,274,-625,1114,-1586,279,-656,1119,-1617,285,-687,1125,-1648,290,-718,1130,-1680,290,-750,1130,-1712,290,-782,1130,-1743,289,-813,1129,-1775,288,-845,1128,-1806,288,-876,1128,-1838,287,-908,1127,-1869,286,-939,1126,-1901,286,-971,1126,-1933,285,-1003,1125,-1964,284,-1034,1124,-1996,284,-1066,1124,-2027,283,-1097,1123,-2059,282,-1129,1122,-2090,281,-1160,1121,-2122,281,-1192,1121,-2154,280,-1224,1120,-2185,279,-1255,1119,-2217,279,-1287,1119,-2248,278,-1318,1118,-2280,277,-1350,1117,-2311,277,-1381,1117,-2343,276,-1413,1116 FALSE 930,840 930,840)*+, H- .3/G0hydrogen0010u132K542ASYMI_UseJava3|4ASYMI_ExportAsBitmap5 TRUE678=9 HS: m;<=hydrogen0010>@?KBA?ASYMI_UseJava@|AASYMI_ExportAsBitmapB TRUE/CIDcEF HG HIJ K%LOM HeN OPQRS T O' U A V[ Wu X Y Z [ \ ]!!^ O7!_ Q!`k!a!b!c!d!e!f"g1"h OG"i a"j{"k"l"m"n"o"p'#q O=#r W#sq#t#u#v#w#x#y $z7${ PM$|b g$}$~$$$$%%G% O]% w%%%%%%&-&W& Om& &&&&& '#'='g' O}' '''''(3(M(w( P(b (((())conclude19)c* Conclusions: *click for questions* 1. Removing one coordinated covalent bonded oxygen from H3PO4 to make H3PO3, does not change the charge on the polyatomic ion. Three hydrogens are still needed. no effect on the overall charge!arge!!* 2  <!<8<t: u<w: x<: <: <+observe1+E, Observation Questions: *click for conclusions* 1. What effect on the # hydrogens does removing a coordinated covalent bonded oxygen from H3PO4? Does attaching the oxygens by coordinate covalent bonds have an effect on the overall charge? , 2 <<2<<<: <: <,[,_ASYM_EA_OldText1-* %Compare the Phosphorus OxyAnion AcidsK--@%Compare the Phosphorus OxyAnion Acidshate Ionss-HH-sulfatetitleX-. Hydrogen Phosphate: H3PO42-42---S.j Hb HWb g.sulfatetitle..@Hydrogen Phosphite: H3PO333 , SO32-, HSO31-, SO22- SO22- /j Hb Hb *Thv*D^r        l.Blv8LzBXr4Nh*Tj , F ` z      &!)h**+ +J,,,-6-P-----.X.l.../HILADCompare Phosphorus OxyAcidsIP?e Navigation Menuvh8fBsgJS  =^ r2 ?>QTh|     0De@yCFILO R U X [- ^AaUd n @2 O ("2K'* ?ASYM_SummonWidgets5Ah+u@!Click on Name to link to the pageXXTh|     0DI Navigation Menuu_u Automatic Menu_   OOqpW{9XB: ?:"!$#&%('c*)u,+.- 0/g2143`65`87:9f<;XYs tbk_wid_name ASYM_W tbk_wid_props% ASYMI_AutoBorder ASYMI_AutoSizetbk_wid_values boolean booleanASYMI_AutoBorder#|9ASYMI_AutoSizeG|WoldStylee|ASYM_WID_AutoReset ALWAYS_hotwordOverride TRUEASYM_WID_Authorclick2learn.com ASYM_WID_CreateDate 3/1/991ASYM_WID_NameM  Automatic Menu_!ASYM_WID_IDm"#INFO_Descriptions$ The automatic menu displays a list of the pages in the book as hyperlinks; a user can click on a page name to navigate to that page. In the properties dialog box for the automatic menu, you can select which pages to display.%INFO_AdvancedStepsText&4 / Position and size the automatic menu object.'INFO_BasicStepsText#(4 / Position and size the automatic menu object.C)INFO_AssistantDescriptionQ* w+INFO_AssistantAdvancedStepsText, -INFO_AssistantBasicStepsText. /ASYM_WID_Editor0 automenu.spb1CatalogThumbnailObject!2 ~Automatic Menu;3ASYM_WID_DeploymentI4c5ASYM_WID_ObjVersions6 2.57ASYM_WID_ShowNamedPagesOnly8 true9ASYM_AutoMenu_IncludeInfo: all;oldBorderStyle<|=gW_ >@*Phosphate Title Page Dot Structure Rules Phosphide Ion Phosphate Ion Compare Phosphide vs Phosphate Phosphite Ion Compare Phosphate vs Phosphite Hydrogen Phosphate Ion Phosphate vs Biphosphate Dihydrogen Phosphate Ion Phosphoric Acid Molecule Compare Phosphorus OxyAcids Navigation Menu } ?Th)+|8:GIgivx0D @hA A_asym_hyperlinks B ... ^n buttonClick Dot Structure Rules ID 1 jump CBD D_asym_hyperlinks{ E ... ^n buttonClick Phosphide Ion ID 2 jump FEG G_asym_hyperlinksw H ... ^n buttonClick Phosphate Ion ID 3 jump IHJ J_asym_hyperlinksK ... ^n buttonClick Compare Phosphide vs Phosphate ID 4 jumpLKMM_asym_hyperlinksN ... ^n buttonClick Phosphite Ion ID 5 jumpONPP_asym_hyperlinksQ]t ... ^n buttonClick Compare Phosphate vs Phosphite ID 6 jumpRQSS_asym_hyperlinksT ... ^n buttonClick Hydrogen Phosphate Ion ID 7 jumpUTVV_asym_hyperlinksW ... ^n buttonClick Phosphate vs Biphosphate ID 8 jumpXWYY_asym_hyperlinksZ ... ^n buttonClick Dihydrogen Phosphate Ion ID 9 jump[Z\\_asym_hyperlinks] ... ^n buttonClick Phosphoric Acid Molecule ID 10 jump^]___asym_hyperlinks` ... ^n buttonClick Compare Phosphorus OxyAcids ID 11 jumpa`bb_asym_hyperlinksc ... ^n buttonClick Navigation Menu ID 12 jumpdcee_asym_hyperlinks'fAgh00 25... ^n buttonClick Phosphate Title Page ID 0 jumpi0z $Ndzdx(>L\j"6Rdrx(HV| &@Nhxd          |   ,F<=@58Navigation Menu=d@hVC@@DF@@J@8@2HtR @L8 jj@d (B@,B@AD9<Phosphate Title PageA4*+ eDot Structure Ruleshz8w #2+ #.- 2 5 { [@2 Dot Structures Rules of Polyatomic Ions/Moleculessssss{HRulese  # A Demonstration of Phosphate/Phosphite Ions follows on the next screens/pages. You may Use your envelope of paper atoms, to also assemble a reasonable dot structure of each polyatomic ion using the following criteria: 1. Place the nonmetal which is not oxygen or hydrogen in the middle of your desk. 2. First using all single bonds, hook all oxygens in the formula to the central nonmetal (Simple covalent or coordinate covalent bonds). Never hook oxygen to oxygen except in peroxides, such as H2O2. 3. If using all single bonds connecting the oxygen to the central nonmetal, the count of electron around each element should total eight electrons (octet rule). This includes the element's original outer surface (valence) electrons plus the electrons being shared from the bonded element, and any electrons transfered from a metal to give the polyatomic ion its negative overall charge. 4. If the count is 7-7, then add a second bond, a double covalent bond (four electrons being shared between two atoms. 5. If the count is 6-6, then make a triple covalent bond between the two elements (six electrons shared between the two atoms). 6. If the count is 8-6, then make a coordinate covalent bond. Hook the six (vacant) orbital onto an unshared pair of the eight. A coordinate covalent bond is still a single bond. In making double, triple bonds you may also use one or two coordinate covalent bonds to predict a structure using the octet rule. 7. If oxygen is present, hook the hydrogen written first in the chemical formula to an oxygen. Hydrogen requires only two electrons to fill it's orbital. Notice the change in the polyion's charge when a hydrogen is placed on the oxygen. If hydrogen is written second in the formula after another nonmetal, then hook that hydrogen to that nonmetal, not to oxygen. sing the octet rule. Try: carbon monoxide CO Dot Structures of Polyatomic ions plotted on exploded nonmetal section of periodic table. Note the doubles bonds in nitrate, carbonate, and silicate. s of Polyatomic ions plotted on exploded nonmetal section of periodic table. Note the doubles bonds in nitrate, carbonate, and silicate. ons plotted on exploded nonmetal section of periodic table. Note the doubles bonds in nitrate, carbonate, and silicate. s plotted on exploded nonmetal section of periodic table. Note the doubles bonds in nitrate, carbonate, and silicate. eriodic table. Note the doubles bonds in nitrate, carbonate, and silicate. q FF222PZ245GSZe|{#H 6P|.0N.2. {  `v j  @AD9<Dot Structure RulesAu@b ; 0ePhosphide Ionhz8<w U)+UrX9N)&; ; ; #+\!8'f$moveelectronenterpage@)&; ; ;b #+\!!;< #+@O!#;3 #+@j!#;8 #+@"!#'f`e-1toplefte-1toprightmoveelectrone-1botrightleavepage"moveelectron"P㐷" n"e-1topleft" 6991,5055n"e-1topright" 7530,5055n"e-1botright" 8705,4995 (#o2  q!x I IXR !!q!U   $!xX0]   "#s* 1 s*   1  `"j" `g"#0Q (b" TDr!B TilTDr!>  /B  (b" 2 3 Y  ~{+n)&; ; z q  q  L   l2 EEW l305 LnZ 2_ 54 l6_ l7@   l8> q  l9 q ; l:L   ;$  ?2}<+U  Any Metal Atomu e-1botrightXe-1botleft  1-) <2FXGmoveelectronP(t { anim_animationSettingsF;...z&,8 $0,0,-93,-1278,-3783,-648,-3783,-1053 ,,, constant| FALSE 8705,4995K #0,0,387,519,-5,-72,382,447,-11,-144,376,375,-16,-217,371,302,-21,-289,366,230,-26,-361,361,158,-32,-433,355,86,-37,-505,350,14,-42,-578,345,-59,-47,-650,340,-131,-53,-722,334,-203,-58,-794,329,-275,-63,-866,324,-347,-68,-939,319,-420,-74,-1011,313,-492,-79,-1083,308,-564,-84,-1155,303,-636,-89,-1228,298,-709,-114,-1274,273,-755,-186,-1262,201,-743,-257,-1250,130,-731,-329,-1238,58,-719,-400,-1226,-13,-707,-471,-1213,-84,-694,-543,-1201,-156,-682,-614,-1189,-227,-670,-685,-1177,-298,-658,-757,-1165,-370,-646,-828,-1152,-441,-633,-899,-1140,-512,-621,-971,-1128,-584,-609,-1042,-1116,-655,-597,-1114,-1104,-727,-585,-1185,-1092,-798,-573,-1256,-1079,-869,-560,-1328,-1067,-941,-548,-1399,-1055,-1012,-536,-1470,-1043,-1083,-524,-1542,-1031,-1155,-512,-1613,-1018,-1226,-499,-1684,-1006,-1297,-487,-1756,-994,-1369,-475,-1827,-982,-1440,-463,-1899,-970,-1512,-451,-1970,-958,-1583,-439,-2041,-945,-1654,-426,-2113,-933,-1726,-414,-2184,-921,-1797,-402,-2255,-909,-1868,-390,-2327,-897,-1940,-378,-2398,-884,-2011,-365,-2469,-872,-2082,-353,-2541,-860,-2154,-341,-2612,-848,-2225,-329,-2684,-836,-2297,-317,-2755,-824,-2368,-305,-2826,-811,-2439,-292,-2898,-799,-2511,-280,-2969,-787,-2582,-268,-3040,-775,-2653,-256,-3112,-763,-2725,-244,-3183,-750,-2796,-231,-3254,-738,-2867,-219,-3326,-726,-2939,-207,-3397,-714,-3010,-195,-3469,-702,-3082,-183,-3540,-689,-3153,-170,-3611,-677,-3224,-158,-3683,-665,-3296,-146,-3754,-653,-3367,-134,-3783,-691,-3396,-172,-3783,-763,-3396,-244,-3783,-836,-3396,-317,-3783,-908,-3396,-389,-3783,-981,-3396,-462,-3783,-1053,-3396,-534 FALSE 387,519 387,519  5 _  1-u < F `X  Dl `X  stepthree ? @  To Make phosphorus atoms into phosphide ions: Transfer electrons from metal atoms to the unfilled orbitals of the phosphorus atom to achieve a filled outer energy level for the phosphorus. For phosphide P3-, transfer three e1- to the phosphorus atom:eight.. except in peroxides.  6  (e-1topright )+* t D a @,Review the Phosphide Ion P3- ion vs P atom2--SO22-SO22- p e-1topleft "! !anim_animationSettingsi"y...zCIOY_k 10,0,-1229,-210,-3404,-270,-4274,-1128,-2910,-2223 ,,,, constant| FALSE 6991,5055K H0,0,417,546,-84,-14,333,532,-168,-29,249,517,-252,-43,165,503,-336,-57,81,489,-420,-72,-3,474,-504,-86,-87,460,-588,-101,-171,445,-672,-115,-255,431,-756,-129,-339,417,-840,-144,-423,402,-924,-158,-507,388,-1008,-172,-591,374,-1092,-187,-675,359,-1176,-201,-759,345,-1261,-211,-844,335,-1346,-213,-929,333,-1431,-216,-1014,330,-1517,-218,-1100,328,-1602,-220,-1185,326,-1687,-223,-1270,323,-1772,-225,-1355,321,-1857,-227,-1440,319,-1943,-230,-1526,316,-2028,-232,-1611,314,-2113,-234,-1696,312,-2198,-237,-1781,309,-2284,-239,-1867,307,-2369,-241,-1952,305,-2454,-244,-2037,302,-2539,-246,-2122,300,-2624,-248,-2207,298,-2710,-251,-2293,295,-2795,-253,-2378,293,-2880,-256,-2463,290,-2965,-258,-2548,288,-3050,-260,-2633,286,-3136,-263,-2719,283,-3221,-265,-2804,281,-3306,-267,-2889,279,-3391,-270,-2974,276,-3456,-321,-3039,225,-3516,-381,-3099,165,-3577,-441,-3160,105,-3638,-501,-3221,45,-3698,-560,-3281,-14,-3759,-620,-3342,-74,-3820,-680,-3403,-134,-3881,-740,-3464,-194,-3941,-800,-3524,-254,-4002,-860,-3585,-314,-4063,-920,-3646,-374,-4123,-979,-3706,-433,-4184,-1039,-3767,-493,-4245,-1099,-3828,-553,-4240,-1156,-3823,-610,-4173,-1209,-3756,-663,-4107,-1262,-3690,-716,-4040,-1316,-3623,-770,-3974,-1369,-3557,-823,-3907,-1422,-3490,-876,-3841,-1476,-3424,-930,-3774,-1529,-3357,-983,-3708,-1583,-3291,-1037,-3641,-1636,-3224,-1090,-3575,-1689,-3158,-1143,-3508,-1743,-3091,-1197,-3442,-1796,-3025,-1250,-3375,-1849,-2958,-1303,-3309,-1903,-2892,-1357,-3242,-1956,-2825,-1410,-3176,-2010,-2759,-1464,-3109,-2063,-2692,-1517,-3043,-2116,-2626,-1570,-2976,-2170,-2559,-1624,-2910,-2223,-2493,-1677 FALSE 417,546 417,546#$%& 1-'<1+2E3P o*anim_animationSettings+I]...z)/; 0,0,-284,-2403,-2339,-2208 ,, constant